Biblioteca Humberto Rosselli Quijano
Psychiatric Clinics of North America / Saunders, Elsevier (1978; Filadelfia, Estados Unidos de América) . Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3Mención de fecha: Septiembre Fecha de aparición: 09/09/2020 |
Ejemplares (1)
Código de barras | Signatura | Tipo de medio | Ubicación | Sección | Estado |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
100581 | psychiatric clinics of North America | Publicaciones seriadas | Biblioteca Instituto Colombiano del Sistema Nervioso | Hemeroteca | Disponible |
Artículos
Añadir el resultado a su cestaMedically unexplained symptoms / Joel E. Dimsdale en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Medically unexplained symptoms : a treacherous foundation for somatoform disorders? Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Joel E. Dimsdale, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: PP. 511-513 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Diagnóstico psiquiátrico, Médicamente inexplicable, Dolor Resumen: Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) provide a shaky foundation for the diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders. While MUS may be a key constituent of disorders such as conversion, such symptoms are better viewed as an accompanying feature rather than the basis of diagnosis. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24344
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - PP. 511-513[artículo] Medically unexplained symptoms : a treacherous foundation for somatoform disorders? [texto impreso] / Joel E. Dimsdale, Autor . - 2020 . - PP. 511-513.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - PP. 511-513
Palabras clave: Diagnóstico psiquiátrico, Médicamente inexplicable, Dolor Resumen: Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) provide a shaky foundation for the diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders. While MUS may be a key constituent of disorders such as conversion, such symptoms are better viewed as an accompanying feature rather than the basis of diagnosis. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24344 The somatoform disorders / James L. Levenson en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : The somatoform disorders : 6 characters in search of an author Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: James L. Levenson, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 515-524 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Somatoformo, Somatización, Conversión, Hipocondría, Trastorno del dolor Resumen: There have been a number of proposals for revising the somatoform disorders, with some even advocating abolition of the category. Critiques of the somatoform disorders have focused on a number of problems including conceptual, philosophical, empirical, and practical issues. Yet patients who present with multiple physical symptoms and excessive health concerns are common in general medical settings. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24345
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 515-524[artículo] The somatoform disorders : 6 characters in search of an author [texto impreso] / James L. Levenson, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 515-524.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 515-524
Palabras clave: Somatoformo, Somatización, Conversión, Hipocondría, Trastorno del dolor Resumen: There have been a number of proposals for revising the somatoform disorders, with some even advocating abolition of the category. Critiques of the somatoform disorders have focused on a number of problems including conceptual, philosophical, empirical, and practical issues. Yet patients who present with multiple physical symptoms and excessive health concerns are common in general medical settings. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24345 Health care utilization and poor reassurance / Paul R. Puri en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Health care utilization and poor reassurance : potential predictors of somatoform disorders Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Paul R. Puri, Autor ; Joel E. Dimsdale, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 525-544 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Trastorno somatomorfo, DSM, Utilización, Satisfacción, Tranquilidad Resumen: Somatoform disorders are common conditions, but the current diagnostic criteria are considered to be unreliable, based largely on medically unexplained symptoms. DSM-5 is considering other possible characteristics of somatizers including high utilization, dissatisfaction with care, and poor response to reassurance. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24346
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 525-544[artículo] Health care utilization and poor reassurance : potential predictors of somatoform disorders [texto impreso] / Paul R. Puri, Autor ; Joel E. Dimsdale, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 525-544.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 525-544
Palabras clave: Trastorno somatomorfo, DSM, Utilización, Satisfacción, Tranquilidad Resumen: Somatoform disorders are common conditions, but the current diagnostic criteria are considered to be unreliable, based largely on medically unexplained symptoms. DSM-5 is considering other possible characteristics of somatizers including high utilization, dissatisfaction with care, and poor response to reassurance. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24346 The relationship between somatic symptoms, health anxiety, and outcome in medical out-patients / Francis Creed en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : The relationship between somatic symptoms, health anxiety, and outcome in medical out-patients Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Francis Creed, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 545-564 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Somatización, síntomas médicamente inexplicables, Ansiedad por la salud, Utilización de la atención médica, Resultado Resumen: The author and colleagues tested cut point scores on measures of total somatic symptoms and health anxiety of new medical out-patients, to determine whether they predicted health status and number of medical consultations. High-scoring participants had significantly more impaired health status and medical consultations. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24347
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 545-564[artículo] The relationship between somatic symptoms, health anxiety, and outcome in medical out-patients [texto impreso] / Francis Creed, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 545-564.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 545-564
Palabras clave: Somatización, síntomas médicamente inexplicables, Ansiedad por la salud, Utilización de la atención médica, Resultado Resumen: The author and colleagues tested cut point scores on measures of total somatic symptoms and health anxiety of new medical out-patients, to determine whether they predicted health status and number of medical consultations. High-scoring participants had significantly more impaired health status and medical consultations. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24347 Relevance of cognitive and behavioral factors in medically unexplained syndromes and somatoform disorders / Alexandra Martin en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Relevance of cognitive and behavioral factors in medically unexplained syndromes and somatoform disorders Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Alexandra Martin, Autor ; Winfried Rief, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 565-578 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Preocupación por enfermedad, Dolor, Síntomas somáticos, Atribución causal, Catastrofismo, Evitación del miedo Resumen: The classification of somatoform disorders lacks clear psychological criteria that justify the classification as "mental disorder." A recent proposal for Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder points to the relevance of 'excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to disabling somatic symptoms and health concerns.' Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24348
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 565-578[artículo] Relevance of cognitive and behavioral factors in medically unexplained syndromes and somatoform disorders [texto impreso] / Alexandra Martin, Autor ; Winfried Rief, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 565-578.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 565-578
Palabras clave: Preocupación por enfermedad, Dolor, Síntomas somáticos, Atribución causal, Catastrofismo, Evitación del miedo Resumen: The classification of somatoform disorders lacks clear psychological criteria that justify the classification as "mental disorder." A recent proposal for Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder points to the relevance of 'excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to disabling somatic symptoms and health concerns.' Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24348 Does psychological stress cause chronic pain? / Afton L. Hassett en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Does psychological stress cause chronic pain? Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Afton L. Hassett, Autor ; Daniel J. Clauw, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 579-594 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Estrés psicológico, Dolor crónico, Fibromialgia, Neuroendocrino Resumen: Historically, how and why pain occurs has been a much-researched topic from an early theory that a peripheral stimulus of pain passively travels "hard-wired" pathways to the brain where it is then sensed as pain, to our present knowledge that pain (especially chronic pain) is the product of a complex information processing network rather than simply signals relayed by pain fibers in nerves or pain pathways in the brain. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24349
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 579-594[artículo] Does psychological stress cause chronic pain? [texto impreso] / Afton L. Hassett, Autor ; Daniel J. Clauw, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 579-594.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 579-594
Palabras clave: Estrés psicológico, Dolor crónico, Fibromialgia, Neuroendocrino Resumen: Historically, how and why pain occurs has been a much-researched topic from an early theory that a peripheral stimulus of pain passively travels "hard-wired" pathways to the brain where it is then sensed as pain, to our present knowledge that pain (especially chronic pain) is the product of a complex information processing network rather than simply signals relayed by pain fibers in nerves or pain pathways in the brain. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24349 Can neural imaging explain pain? / Stuart W. G. Derbyshire en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Can neural imaging explain pain? Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 595-604 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Dolor, Imagen neuronal, Placebo, Nocebo, Dolor crónico Resumen: The past 20 years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of functional imaging studies addressing pain. Pain experience is associated with activity in a wide range of cortical and subcortical areas and they seem to be actively involved in generating pain experience, even without a typically noxious stimulus. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24350
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 595-604[artículo] Can neural imaging explain pain? [texto impreso] / Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 595-604.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 595-604
Palabras clave: Dolor, Imagen neuronal, Placebo, Nocebo, Dolor crónico Resumen: The past 20 years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of functional imaging studies addressing pain. Pain experience is associated with activity in a wide range of cortical and subcortical areas and they seem to be actively involved in generating pain experience, even without a typically noxious stimulus. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24350 Inflammation at the intersection of behavior and somatic symptoms / Michael R. Irwin en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Inflammation at the intersection of behavior and somatic symptoms Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Michael R. Irwin, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 605-620 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Fatiga, Sueño, Dolor, Malestar, Inflamación, Somatización Resumen: Pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue are common complaints in somatic disorders. This review characterizes the connections between the immune system and brain, discussing the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on somatic symptoms of pain or hyperalgesia, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24351
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 605-620[artículo] Inflammation at the intersection of behavior and somatic symptoms [texto impreso] / Michael R. Irwin, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 605-620.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 605-620
Palabras clave: Fatiga, Sueño, Dolor, Malestar, Inflamación, Somatización Resumen: Pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue are common complaints in somatic disorders. This review characterizes the connections between the immune system and brain, discussing the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on somatic symptoms of pain or hyperalgesia, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24351 Simulated illness / Cheryl B. McCullumsmith en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Simulated illness : the factitious disorders and malingering Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Cheryl B. McCullumsmith, Autor ; Charles V. Ford, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 621-641 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Trastorno facticio, Fingimiento, Enfermedad simulada, Síndrome de Munchausen Resumen: Consciously simulated illnesses fall into two diagnostic categories: factitious disorders and malingering, differentiated both by motivation for behavior and by consciousness of that motivation. Factitious disorder behaviors are motivated by an unconscious need to assume the sick role, while malingering behaviors are driven consciously to achieve external secondary gains. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24352
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 621-641[artículo] Simulated illness : the factitious disorders and malingering [texto impreso] / Cheryl B. McCullumsmith, Autor ; Charles V. Ford, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 621-641.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 621-641
Palabras clave: Trastorno facticio, Fingimiento, Enfermedad simulada, Síndrome de Munchausen Resumen: Consciously simulated illnesses fall into two diagnostic categories: factitious disorders and malingering, differentiated both by motivation for behavior and by consciousness of that motivation. Factitious disorder behaviors are motivated by an unconscious need to assume the sick role, while malingering behaviors are driven consciously to achieve external secondary gains. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24352 Somatoform disorders in children and adolescents / Mary Lynn Dell en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Somatoform disorders in children and adolescents Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Mary Lynn Dell, Autor ; John V. Campo, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 643-660 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Trastornos mentales infantiles, Somatomorfos, Diagnóstico, Manejo Resumen: The diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders have benefited from advancements in epidemiology, genetics, pharmacology, neuroimaging and other disciplines. However, "medically unexplained" physical symptoms and somatoform disorders have defied conceptual understanding, and straightforward algorithms for clinical diagnosis and management of affected patients are lacking. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24353
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 643-660[artículo] Somatoform disorders in children and adolescents [texto impreso] / Mary Lynn Dell, Autor ; John V. Campo, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 643-660.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 643-660
Palabras clave: Trastornos mentales infantiles, Somatomorfos, Diagnóstico, Manejo Resumen: The diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders have benefited from advancements in epidemiology, genetics, pharmacology, neuroimaging and other disciplines. However, "medically unexplained" physical symptoms and somatoform disorders have defied conceptual understanding, and straightforward algorithms for clinical diagnosis and management of affected patients are lacking. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24353 Somatization in older people / Chanaka Wijeratne en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Somatization in older people Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Chanaka Wijeratne, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 661-671 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Somatización, Geriatría, Trastornos somatomorfos, Síntomas somáticos Resumen: The somatofornn disorders have been ignored by geriatric psychiatry because their conceptual and diagnostic difficulties are compounded in the presence of physical disease, and because of the epidemiological imperative of dementia. Given physiological and physical changes with age, older people are likely to endorse neurological and sexual somatic symptoms differently, so these symptoms seem less useful as screening items than fatigue and musculoskeletal symptoms. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24354
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 661-671[artículo] Somatization in older people [texto impreso] / Chanaka Wijeratne, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 661-671.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 661-671
Palabras clave: Somatización, Geriatría, Trastornos somatomorfos, Síntomas somáticos Resumen: The somatofornn disorders have been ignored by geriatric psychiatry because their conceptual and diagnostic difficulties are compounded in the presence of physical disease, and because of the epidemiological imperative of dementia. Given physiological and physical changes with age, older people are likely to endorse neurological and sexual somatic symptoms differently, so these symptoms seem less useful as screening items than fatigue and musculoskeletal symptoms. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24354 Functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders in special psychosomatic units / Andreas Schröder en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders in special psychosomatic units : organizational aspects and evidence-based treatment Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Andreas Schröder, Autor ; Per Fink, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 673-687 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Malestar corporal, Síndromes somáticos funcionales, Trastornos somatomorfos, Tratamiento, Organización de la atención, Intervención STRESS Resumen: Similar treatment strategies have proven effective in various functional somatic syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Increasing evidence supports common etiologic factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and psychological features. A minority of these patients receive evidence-based treatment, mainly due to inappropriate organization of care. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24355
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 673-687[artículo] Functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders in special psychosomatic units : organizational aspects and evidence-based treatment [texto impreso] / Andreas Schröder, Autor ; Per Fink, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 673-687.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 673-687
Palabras clave: Malestar corporal, Síndromes somáticos funcionales, Trastornos somatomorfos, Tratamiento, Organización de la atención, Intervención STRESS Resumen: Similar treatment strategies have proven effective in various functional somatic syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Increasing evidence supports common etiologic factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and psychological features. A minority of these patients receive evidence-based treatment, mainly due to inappropriate organization of care. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24355 Teaching trainees about the ractice of consultation-liaison psychiatry in the general hospital / Marlynn H. Wei en Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre)
[artículo]
Título : Teaching trainees about the ractice of consultation-liaison psychiatry in the general hospital Tipo de documento: texto impreso Autores: Marlynn H. Wei, Autor ; John Querques, Autor ; Theodore A. Stern, Autor Fecha de publicación: 2020 Artículo en la página: pp. 689-707 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Psiquiatría de Consulta-Enlace, Medicina Psicosomática, Psiquiatría Docente, Educación, Rondas Docentes Resumen: Teaching trainees about the practice of consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry involves formal didactics, bedside rounds, reviewing the literature, and the demonstration of specific skills (eg, critical thinking and self-awareness [autognosis]). Effective teaching (based on adult learning theory) about psychosomatic medicine uses problem-oriented approaches, integrates knowledge into real-life situations, and makes trainees responsible for their decisions. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24356
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 689-707[artículo] Teaching trainees about the ractice of consultation-liaison psychiatry in the general hospital [texto impreso] / Marlynn H. Wei, Autor ; John Querques, Autor ; Theodore A. Stern, Autor . - 2020 . - pp. 689-707.
Idioma : Inglés (eng) Idioma original : Inglés (eng)
in Psychiatric Clinics of North America > Año 2011 - Vol.34 No. 3 (Septiembre) . - pp. 689-707
Palabras clave: Psiquiatría de Consulta-Enlace, Medicina Psicosomática, Psiquiatría Docente, Educación, Rondas Docentes Resumen: Teaching trainees about the practice of consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry involves formal didactics, bedside rounds, reviewing the literature, and the demonstration of specific skills (eg, critical thinking and self-awareness [autognosis]). Effective teaching (based on adult learning theory) about psychosomatic medicine uses problem-oriented approaches, integrates knowledge into real-life situations, and makes trainees responsible for their decisions. Link: ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24356